As a curing agent, zinc oxide is essential in tire manufacturing because it improves the strength, performance, and longevity of tires.
In terms of tire production, the U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association highlights that roughly 50% of the zinc oxide produced is consumed by the tire industry. It falls within the category of curing agents, which is projected to grow at a CAGR of 2.5% through 2028. (Source: The Future of Tire Raw Materials to 2028)
However, its use in tire manufacturing is not without regulatory concerns. Environmental regulations are increasingly concerned about the risks of zinc compounds due to their emissions and potential leaching into the environment. For example, the State of California has attempted to include zinc oxide in regulations to restrict zinc oxide usage (2016 - Senate Bill 1260). Recently, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control released a paper suggesting the intention to designate tires containing zinc as a “priority product”, but this has yet to take place. The EPA, REACH, and Tire Industry Project have also investigated the environmental toxicology of zinc oxide prompting further studies and concern around potential effects.
Tire manufacturers are looking at ways to reduce or replace zinc oxide with alternatives. Manufacturers have tried different metal oxides to replace or reduce zinc, but none to date have proven to be a more effective alternative. This transition needs innovation and research in material science to create solutions that maintain tire integrity and meet regulatory standards.
In the infographic slides below, we have conducted an internal study of the usage of zinc oxide in various parts of the tire today and compared to average usage levels five years ago. The data looks at both PCR and TBR tires as well as tire manufacturers from around the world.
The analysis is just a basic overview of how zinc oxide is currently being used in the tire industry. As manufacturers continue to work on possible replacements, Smithers can be that full service development partner to advance tire development.
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